Topic 5 - nutrition Care

TOPIC 3 - Communication & Collaboration


TOPIC 1 - Food & Nutrition Expertise


TOPIC 7 - Food Provisions


TOPIC 6 - Population Health Promotion


TOPIC 4 - Management & Leadership


TOPIC 5 - Nutrition Care


TOPIC 2 - Professionalism & Ethics


TOPIC 8 - Research [Bonus]


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For each disease/condition:
  • Diagnostic criteria, if applicable
  • Effect on nutrition
  • Rationale for nutrition care
  • Matching diet to condition and treatment
  • Effect of treatment (nutritional/drug/medical therapy)
  • Monitoring/evaluation of therapy

  • Cardiovascular (CVD) (e.g. atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, hypertension)
  • Diabetes Mellitus (e.g. type 1/type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes)
  • Eating Disorders (e.g. obesity, anorexia, bulimia)
  • Food Allergies/Intolerances
  • Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract Diseases and Disorders (e.g. swallowing disorders, reflux, peptic ulcer, irritable bowel, ulcerative colitis, dumping syndrome, Crohn's disease, celiac, pancreatitis, constipation/diarrhea
  • Hepatic Disease
  • Hyper/Hypo Metabolism (e.g. starvation, metabolic response to starvation, trauma, stress, burns, thyroid conditions)
  • Hypoglycemia/Hyperglycemia
  • Immunosuppression (HIV/AIDS)
  • Lifestyle Nutrition (e.g. sports nutrition, vegetarianism, alternative/complementary care)

  • Mental Health (e.g. food intake problems, drug/nutrient interaction)
  • Micronutrient Malnutrition: indicators and effects
  • Neurological Disorders and Injury (e.g. stroke, dysphagia, dementia, degenerative disease and immobility
  • Nutrition Support (e.g. parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition, product specification, routes of administration and monitoring, transitional feeding)
  • Osteoporosis
  • Obesity
  • Oncology, Palliative Care
  • Protein/Energy Malnutrition: indicators and effects (e.g. failure-to-thrive, refeeding syndrome)
  • Renal Disease (e.g. nephrotic syndrome, hemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, acute renal failure, end-stage renal disease, early renal insufficiency)
  • Respiratory Disease (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis)

a. Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT)

Topics (Study Guide):

Upper GIT
  1. Mouth & Tongue: dental caries, gingivitis, stomatitis, glossitis, cheilosis, xerostomia, oral cavity surgery, dysgeusia, ageusia
  2. Esophagus: esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett’s esophagus, eosinophilic esophagitis, dysphagia, hiatal hernia
  3. Stomach: indigestion, nausea & vomiting, gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric surgery, dumping syndrome, stress ulcers, gastroparesis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Lower GIT
  1. Diarrhea, constipation, and malabsorption
  2. Tropical sprue and celiac disease (non-tropical sprue)
  3. Irritable bowel: irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), irritable bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis, Corhn’s disease
  4. Diverticulosis and diverticulitis
  5. Lower GI surgery (jejunum, ileum, colon resection)
  6. Short bowel syndrome (SBS) and bacterial overgrowth (BO)

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b. Liver, Gallbladder & Pancreas

Topics (Study Guide):

Hepatobiliary tract: jaundice, portal hypertension, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy
Liver: hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), hepatic steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, hepatic failure/ESLD, liver transplant
Gallbladder: cholelithiasis (gallstones), choledocholithiasis, cholecystitis, cholangitis
Pancreas: acute and chronic pancreatitis

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c. Renal System

Topics (Study Guide):

The Kidneys: anatomy, function, and renal hormones
Nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)
Kidney disease: renal insufficiency, chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and renal failure
Dialysis: access, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, CRRT
Acute kidney injury (AKI)
Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)

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d. Cardiovascular System

Topics (Study Guide):

Hypertension (HTN)
Dyslipidemia (TGs, lipoproteins, cholesterol)
Arterial/Vascular Disease
  1. Atherosclerosis & arteriosclerosis
  2. Coronary heart/artery disease (CHD/CAD)
  3. Myocardial infarction (MI, heart attack)
  4. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA, stroke)
  5. Ischemic heart disease (IHD)
  6. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Heart transplant
Atrial fibrillation (AF)

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e. Respiratory System

Topics (Study Guide):

Chronic
  1. Asthma
  2. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
  1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)


a.    Chronic bronchitis
b.    Emphysema

Acute
  1. Acute lung injury (ALI)
  2. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Infections: pneumonia, upper respiratory infection
Tracheostomies
Respiratory failure (RF)
Lung transplant

4.  Cystic fibrosis (CF)

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f. Nervous System

Topics (Study Guide):

Epilepsy & seizure disorders
Stroke & aneurysm
Cerebral palsy (CP)
ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) & ASD (autism spectrum disorder)
Progressive neurological disorders
  1. Parkinson’s disease (PD)
  2. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig’s)
  3. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)
  4. Myasthenia gravis
  5. Multiple sclerosis (MS)
  6. Dementia & Alzheimer’s
Neurotrauma
  1. Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
  2. Spinal cord injury (SCI)

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g. Musculoskeletal System

Topics (Study Guide):

Bone metabolism
Bone & muscle disorders
  1. Osteopenia
  2. Osteoporosis (OP)
  3. Rickets
  4. Osteomalacia
  5. Sarcopenia
Arthritis
  1. Rheumatoid arthritis
  2. Osteoarthritis
  3. Gout
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

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h. Metabolic & Endocrine System

Topics (Study Guide):

Metabolic syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome
Addison’s disease
Cushing’s syndrome
Thyroid disease
  1. Hypothyroidism
  2. Hyperthyroidism
  3. Goiter
Gout
Inborn errors of metabolism
  1. Galactosemia
  2. Urea cycle defects
  3. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
  4. Glycogen storage disease
  5. Homocystinuria
  6. Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)
  7. Congenital sucrase isomaltase disease (CSID)
  8. Wilson’s disease

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i. Diabetes Mellitus

Topics (Study Guide):

Indices of glycemic control & diagnostic criteria
  1. BG, HgA1C, FBG, RBG, 2h-OGTT
Types of DM
  1. Type-1 diabetes (T1DM)
  2. Type-2 diabetes (T2DM)
  3. Gestational diabetes (GDM)
  4. Other
Complications
  1. Acute: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, dawn phenomenon, DKA
  2. Long-term: CVD, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy
Nutrition therapy
  1. Glycemic index
  2. CHO counting
  3. Exchange list
  4. Physical activity
Insulin
  1. Types (bolus, basal; rapid, short, intermediate, long)
  2. Regimens (continuous, intensive, mixed)
Medications
  1. Metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors, sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues, TZD

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j. Oncology

Topics (Study Guide):

Staging & treatment
Cancer cachexia
Nutritional considerations
  1. Nausea & vomiting
  2. Early satiety
  3. Mucositis
  4. Thrush
  5. Diarrhea
  6. Dysgeusia
  7. Xerostomia
  8. Anorexia
  9. Chemotherapy & radiation
  10. Nutrition support & surgery
Epidemiologic data

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k. Stress & Critical Illness

Topics (Study Guide):

Fever & infection
Starvation
Metabolic stress
Systemic infection
  1. Sepsis
  2. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
  3. Multi organ distress syndrome / multisystem organ failure (MODS/MSOF)
Surgery
Wounds
  1. Ulcers / pressure injuries
  2. Burns

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l. Immunosuppression

Topics (Study Guide):

HIV/AIDS
Pediatric HIV

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m. Energy/Nutrient Imbalances

Topics (Study Guide):

Appetite regulation & fat metabolism
Obesity & bariatric surgery
Malnutrition
  1. Energy & protein
  2. Vitamin/mineral deficiencies (See Section 2.e.vi)
  3. Anemia (microcytic, macrocytic, sickle cell)

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n. Eating Disorders & Mental Health

Topics (Study Guide):

Eating disorders
Anorexia nervosa (AN)
Bulimia nervosa (BN)
Binge-eating disorder (BED)
Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
Mental health
Antipsychotics
Substance misuse (alcohol, drugs, tobacco)


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o. Oral Feeding Methods & Nutrition Support

Topics (Study Guide):

Texture modifications (NDD, IDDSI)
Therapeutic diets
Modified diet products
Nutrition support
  1. Enteral nutrition (EN)
    a. Indications, access, formulas, feeding methods, calculation, monitoring
  2. Parenteral nutrition (peripheral, central)
    a. Indications, access, solutions, calculation, monitoring
  3. Refeeding syndrome
  4. Transitional feeding

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Enteral Nutrition

Parententeral Nutrition

p. Lifestyle Nutrition, Allergies/Intolerances & Alternative Medicine

Topics (Study Guide):

Lifestyle nutrition
  1. Sports nutrition
  2. Vegetarianism & veganism
  3. Pregnancy: See Section 2.d. Nutrition Through the Life Cycle
Food allergies & intolerances
  1. Allergies (hypersensitivities)
  2. Common allergens
  3. Intolerances (lactose, additives, histamine)
Complementary & alternative medicine

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Next → Topic 6: population health promotion

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INA BENKOVA RD