Correct Answer: C
 Cognitive Level: Demonstrate Comprehension
 Competency: 1.01 – Apply understanding of food composition and food science

Rationale: Beating egg whites denatures the proteins, allowing them to trap air and form a stable foam.
 A is incorrect because lipids actually inhibit foam formation.
 B is incorrect because emulsification relates to yolks, not foaming of whites.
 D is incorrect because heat coagulates proteins after foam has formed, not during whipping.

Correct Answer: C
Cognitive Level: Analyze, Interpret, and Apply Knowledge
Competency: 1.02 – Apply understanding of food environments

Rationale: A mobile market directly increases access to fresh produce in underserved areas by improving physical availability.
A is incorrect because advertising does not improve access.
B is incorrect because removing processed foods may reduce options but doesn’t address access to nutritious foods.
D is incorrect because restaurant meals are not the primary source of daily nutrition.

Correct Answer: B
 Cognitive Level: Demonstrate Comprehension
 Competency: 1.02 – Apply understanding of food environments

Rationale: Changing what's offered in a cafeteria alters the food environment by shaping what choices are available to students.
 A is incorrect because this change is not about packaging or nutrition labels.
 C is incorrect because personal behavior refers to student choices, not institutional offerings.
 D is incorrect because agricultural policy refers to farming and production laws, not menu changes.

Correct Answer: C
 Cognitive Level: Demonstrate Broad Knowledge
 Competency: 1.03 – Apply understanding of human nutrition and metabolism

Rationale: Sodium is the main extracellular electrolyte responsible for maintaining fluid balance and osmotic pressure.
 A is incorrect because potassium regulates intracellular fluid.
 B is incorrect because magnesium is involved in nerve and muscle function.
 D is incorrect because phosphorus primarily supports bone health and energy metabolism.

Correct Answer: B
 Cognitive Level: Demonstrate Comprehension
 Competency: 1.04 – Apply understanding of dietary requirements and guidelines

Rationale: Pregnant women have the highest iron requirements due to increased blood volume and fetal development needs.
 A is incorrect because adult males have relatively low iron needs.
 C is incorrect because postmenopausal women no longer experience menstruation, reducing iron requirements.
 D is incorrect because while vegetarians may absorb less iron, their needs are not higher than those of pregnant women.

Correct Answer: D
 Cognitive Level: Analyze, Interpret, and Apply Knowledge
 Competency: 1.04 – Apply understanding of dietary requirements and guidelines

Rationale: Assessment should come before intervention. Older adults are at high risk for vitamin D and calcium deficiencies, which are crucial for bone health.
 A is incorrect because supplements should only be recommended after assessing intake.
 B is incorrect because a multivitamin may not target specific deficiencies.
 C is incorrect because without an assessment, this recommendation may not be appropriate or feasible.

Correct Answer: C
 Cognitive Level: Demonstrate Comprehension
 Competency: 1.05 – Apply understanding of dietary practices

Rationale: Intuitive eating emphasizes body awareness, hunger/fullness cues, and rejecting external food rules.
 A is incorrect because structured meal plans often reinforce diet mentality.
 B is incorrect because intuitive eating also involves nutrition and satisfaction, not just hunger.
 D is incorrect because intuitive eating avoids restrictive thinking like labeling foods as “bad.”

Correct Answer: C
 Cognitive Level: Analyze, Interpret, and Apply Knowledge
 Competency: 1.05 – Apply understanding of dietary practices

Rationale: Respecting cultural and religious dietary practices is central to client-centered care. Aligning nutrition advice with their beliefs promotes trust and compliance.
 A is incorrect because supplementation is premature.
 B is incorrect because eggs may not be appropriate or acceptable to the client.
 D is incorrect because it could come off as dismissive or judgmental.

Correct Answer: C
 Cognitive Level: Analyze, Interpret, and Apply Knowledge
 Competency: 1.06 – Integrate nutrition care principles and practices

Rationale: During remission, clients benefit from a varied, balanced diet that includes fiber and fluids unless specific intolerances are identified.
 A is incorrect because low-fiber diets are typically for flare-ups, not remission.
 B is incorrect unless dairy triggers symptoms.
 D is incorrect as exclusive enteral nutrition is a treatment for active disease, not remission.

Correct Answer: B
 Cognitive Level: Demonstrate Comprehension
 Competency: 1.07 – Integrate population health promotion principles and practices

Rationale: A public campaign targets the population as a whole and can shift norms and behaviors at scale.
 A is incorrect because it’s an individual intervention.
 C is incorrect because it’s a facility-level strategy.
 D is incorrect because it addresses food service workers rather than the public.

Correct Answer: C
 Cognitive Level: Analyze, Interpret, and Apply Knowledge
 Competency: 1.07 – Integrate population health promotion principles and practices

Rationale: Public health planning begins with identifying community-specific barriers and assets through a needs assessment.
 A is incorrect because it assumes a solution without evidence.
 B is incorrect because its effectiveness depends on the community’s needs and priorities.
 D is incorrect because it may not address the root causes or be accessible to all.